set in old ways

a follower of old customs, Metaphorically: the one who is following the old custom

a kind-hearted man

follow the beaten path

a skirt-chaser, an ogler

irrational or unprovoked malice

companion, supporter

to have nothing else except the name of God, not even a rope

may God protect a lonely traveller or man! a fellow travelling alone is always in danger

refers to a state of penury, i.e. there is nothing in the house except God's name

an act of God, something happening adventitiously

Ka'aba, any mosque

simpleton

beard

all will perish save God, everything is mortal but God is eternal

all time available

what God gives I accept, expressing patience in the face of tribulations